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Journal of Applied Gerontology
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Overcoming Elders' Misconceptions About Accurate Written Medical Information

Morris A. Okun

Arizona State University

G. Elizabeth Rice

Arizona State University

The authors investigated long-term memory for true written information about osteoarthritis that disconfirms the reader's erroneous prior beliefs. Independent variables included informa tion type (text affirms the reader's correct belief or disconfirms the reader's erroneous belief), signaling (disconfirming information either signaled or not signaled in the text), and belief repetition (target beliefs either assessed or not assessed immediately after reading the passages). The relation between the reader's attitudinal fiexibility and long-term memory was also exam ined. Participants were 85 adults (65-80 years old) who self-reported having osteoarthritis for at least 2 years. The authors found (a) disconfirming information was less accurately recognized and recalled than affirming information, (b) repetition ofbeliefs enhanced accurate recognition of disconfirming information and interacted with signaling to increase revision of misconcep tions, and (c) attitudinal flexibility was significantly (p < .05) correlated with both accurate recognition of disconfirming information (r = .32) and revision of misconceptions (r = .26).

Journal of Applied Gerontology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 51-70 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/073346489701600103
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[Abstract] [PDF]